What are Tissue Microarrays?
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are paraffin blocks that contain dozens or hundreds of small tissue samples, assembled in single block, and thus able to be cut onto a single slide for high throughput analysis. TMAs can be stained and analyzed using a variety of techniques, including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization of nucleic acids (FISH), RNA in situ hybridization, and histochemical stains, among others.
TMAs are a cost-effective, high-throughput research tool with significant advantages over conventional slide analysis techniques, including:
Conserving antibody usage - TMAs greatly reduce the amount of antibody and other reagents required for analysis on a large number of samples - as an example, for a TMA with 70 separate tissue samples, it would require 70 times as much antibody to run each sample on an individual slide.
Standardizing experimental assays - TMAs allow researchers to screen dozens or hundreds of examples of a single tumor or other sample type under identical experimental conditions, leading to stronger experimental results.
Amplifying scarce samples - TMAs allow preservation and maximum utilization of small and rare tissue samples
Common uses for Tissue Microarrays
TMAs have become a standard tool for tissue-based research and diagnostic programs and can expand resources and add value to any study utilizing immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques. A few examples include:
Cancer research: TMAs can help identify new diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancers, and can be used for studying the role of marker proteins in tumor initiation, progression, or metastasis.
Assay validation: TMAs can be used to characterize and validate antibodies in manufacturing and working up diagnostic assays and research applications with new antibodies
Quality assessment: TMAs can be used for quality assessment.
Drug discovery: TMAs can be used to assess the effects of experimental drugs in a test cohort at the cellular, protein, and/or molecular level
Patient Signalment
Diagnosis (& sub-type where applicable)
Tissue/site
Grade where applicable
Scanned H&E slide from TMA block
Canine
Feline
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